High-frequency power supply system



Dec. 23, 1952 G. w. DEMUTH HIGH-FREQUENCY POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM 2 SHEETS-SHEET l Filed OCT.. 15, 1949 EALAN W. DEMUI'H mw, SAMU www@ (Ittornegs um. n MJ, J ,mm m 2 @N m M w 2 T \%N E 3, m www D 6 2, ARN W m N .S M 2 w mmm @i m M. E T m E W u H w m m m W.

m KN H u m Dec. 23, 1952 Filed oct. 15, 1949 Patented Dec. 231952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HIGH-FREQUENCY POWER'SUPPLY SYSTEM Galan kW. Demuth, Moorestown, N. 'J .,1 assignor` to Bryant `Chucking Grinder Company, SpringfcldfVt., a vcorporation of Vermont Application October 15, 1949Serial No. 1215605 '10 Claims.

The Jpresent invention `relates to high 4frequenc-y electronic-tube power rsupply systems, and more particularly to high Afrequency `.power supply systems of the rthyratron inverter type forconverting rectifieddirect-current power into alternating lcurrent npower -under control Yof Aa suitable source A.of -excitation potential, for ythe operation of high speed industrial motorsvand the like. Each inverter--element-of the system includes two Agas-triodes or Ythyratron tubes which are adapted to -control relativelyl heavy unidirectional current iiow and foperate y fullw-ave in response to the applicationrof controlled excitation potentials -to the tubes alternately, while the Yanode circuits are coupled to the motor or Vother Vload through suitableanode circuit networks and output transformer means.

Highfrequency power supply systems-of the abovetype, for the production of two-phase alternating current, are lsnown, described `and claimed in co-pending applications assigned -to the samev assignee as Ythis application, as follows: Galan W. Demuth, Serial: No. 115,526, led Sep- `tember 13, 19.49, for Exciter Systems for Thyratron Power Inverters and theLike, now-Patent No. 2,548,955; Galan W. Demuth, Serial No. l21;604, filed October l5, 1949, for Thyratron Power Inverters, now-Patent No. 2,5?!02651.

-fIn .the power supply V`'systems referred to, a variable ufrequency' oscillatoror other lsuitable sourcemofrelatively "high frequency; thyratron excitationlpotentialis coupledV totwofullewave thyra-tron power inverters for triggering Lorexciting each inverter `at theoscillatorJ 'frequency and providing two-'phase alternating current power therethrough 'in amanner' particularly adapted for operating high speed induction motors for `directly driving tool elements in high speed grinding, 4woodworking and -oth'ermdustrialioperations. By varyingv theoperating fre-i quencyof the oscillator andi thereby rthe-rate of triggering' 'of .the thyratrons 'in 'a'.certain manner, Afand"'suitably loperating and controlling the inverters through. `V`special "circuit `meansL the speed of thev motor maybe varied orA adjusted as. desired. vrThese I'i'mpr'oved "electronic high frequency'power supply systems provide new and highly commercial means for deriving and controlling; high frequency alternating current power for the operation'ofhigh speed industrial motors, aswell as for other apparatus. requiring appreciable power at relatively .lii'ghY frequency;

As above. noted, the power supply systems. referredto,A provide for effectively controlling. the operation 'of two-phase alternating current mo- 2 tors and the like. It is often- -desirable 'to .provide three-phase power for the operation Aof three-phase alternating current industrial motors particularly where the power requirements are greater.

It is therefore a primaryobject of this invention, to provide an improved high frequency power supply system of the type embodying `gastriode or thyratron inverters-for the-production of three-phase alternating current power Aata controlled frequency.

It is alsoan objectof the present invention,to provide a high frequency thyratronv inverter power supply system for three-phase operation under control of a single-phase excitation source.

Itis a further objectof the invention, to provide an improved thyratron inverter power'su-pply system for the 4production of three-phase high-frequency alternating current at a variable frequency for the control of highspeed alternating current motors, such as induction motors, which are particularly adapted for highspeed operationby reason of their construction.

A high frequency power supply system, in accordance with the invention', preferably may incorporate full-wave thyra-tron inverter' elements of the type described in the aforementioned application of Galan W. Demuth for Thyratron Power Inverters, and preferablymay further include high frequency excitery means for deriving equalized excitation voltages in Vtwophase relation in accordance with the vsystem as described in the aforementioned application of Galan W. Demuth vfor Exciter Systems Yfor Thyratron Power Inverters and the Like.

FurtherY in accordance with the invention, a variable or fixed high frequency `excitation source and'phase shift network for deriving balanced or equalized two-phase potentials, are followed by a phase mixer network comprising four electronic tubes, two connected with 'each phase-of the preceding network', and from which three-phase output voltages lare derived at the same frequency as the-'excitation sourcefandin a phasel relation that does not 'change with V'frequency. The voltage output froml each of the three phases is applied through three separate inverter control channels `which linclude wave Shaper 'amplifiers to convert they normal sine wave output as derived from'. the excitation source, into corresponding pulses 'after thethreephaseA conversion, and through phasez inversion.. the pulsesl are converted' to 'push-pull relation for triggering three pairs` of thyratrons Acoupled to each of the wave shaper amplifiers in each control channel. Each pair of thyratrons are connected in the inverter circuits for full-wave or parallel operation from a suitable direct current source of power, and are transformer coupled to a three-phase output circuit to which a three-phase motor load may be connected.

Various coupling means may be provided between the three-phase output terminals of the phase mixer network and the wave shaper ampliers, in certain cases transformer coupling being provided, and in others impedance or resistance coupling for better three-phase balance. Singlephase high frequency control at the high frequency excitation source is necessary for proper operation of the system and is followed by a phase-shift network and voltage equalizer means for attaininga balanced two-phase output voltage as an intermediate step preceding the threephase inversion. For this reason the phase shift (two-phase) network is directly coupled to the phase mixer (three-phase) network, while the .wave-Shaper amplifiers are interposed in the separate inverter control or excitation channels between the separate thyratron inverters for each .output phase and the output terminals of the lphase mixer or three-phase network.

. Phase inverter means are provided for developing in each of the three phases or channels ofthe excitation circuit, a transition from a single-ended or single-phase voltage to pushpull voltage for each phase and precedes the wave-Shaper means or amplifier. A wave-Shaper amplifier for the system therefore includes three pairs of wave-Shaper amplifier tubes in balanced or push-pull relation, biased beyond anode current cut-01T, and inductance-coupled or cathode- .coupled directly into the grids of six thyratrons operating in full-wave pairs in each of the three phases.

The phase mixer network is adapted to receive the two-phase voltages from the phase shift network and is so constructed that 50% of the excitation voltage of the Iirst or A phase of the two input phases, is electronically or vectorially added to 86.6% of the voltage of Ythe second or B phase of the two input phases, `and separately 50% of the inverse voltage of the rst or A phase is added to 86.6% of the second or B phase voltage. These two electronic additions provide two of the three-phase voltages `available at the output terminals of the phase mixer network, and the rst or A phase voltage of the two-phase voltages is applied directly to the output terminals of the network as the third of the three-phase voltage terminations.

The novel features that are considered to be characteristic of this invention are further set ,forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and method of operation, as well as additional objects and advantages thereof, will further be understood from the following description, when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a `three-phase power supply system embodying the invention, and

Figure 2 is a further schematic circuit diagram of a portion of the power supply system of Figure 1 showing a modification of the invention.

Referring to Figure l, a single-phase source of high frequency excitation voltage 5, such as a variable frequency oscillator, is provided as a frequency control means for the power supply system whereby the frequency of the output power may be varied in all three phases at the same frequency, and is provided with suitable frequency range and frequency variation control means indicated by the control knobs 6 and 1. The single phase 'output voltage, which preferably is a sine wave voltage, is derived from the source 5 through output leads 8 and 9 and applied to a phase-shift or two-phase network I0, comprising two circuits or branches connected in parallel across the leads 8 and S.

One branch of the phase-shift network comprises a resistor II and a capacitor I2 in series in the order named, from the lead 8 and the lead 9. The second branch includes a capacitor Iii and a resistor I5 in series, in the order named, between the leads 3 and 9. An output tap connection I0 between the resistor I I and the capaci- .tor I2, and a second output tap connection I'I between the capacitork I4 and the resistor I5, together with the lead 9 common to both connections, provide two-phase output circuit connections for the exciter voltage source. The values of the capacitors are preferably equal and may be of the order of .1 mfd., for example, While the resistors are likewise equal and may be considered to be of the order of 100,000 ohms in the present example.

The lead 9 is connected to a lead lforming the ground return lead for the system and having a chassis ground connection as indicated at I9. This lead is the common return lead for both output connections of the phase shift network as above pointed out. An output lead 2I is connected with the terminal I1 and a second output lead 22 is connected with the terminal I6. In the latter lead a voltage equalizer amplifier 23 is connected for establishing an output potential on an output lead 24 with respect to the lead I8 which is equal at all frequencies to the voltage between the lead 2l and the lead I8, so that the two-phase voltage output from the exciter voltage source is equal in both phases at all frequencies supplied by the source. The two phases may be referred to as phase A and phase B as indicated `on the drawing.

The voltages across these two phases are at all times equal by reason of the voltage equalizer amplifier 23. The operation of this amplifier, and of the two-phase network, is described in the aforementioned application of Galan W. Demuth for Exciter Systems for Thyratron Power Inverters and the Like. However, the specic equalizer and network per se do not concern the present invention, hence further description is not believed to be necessary. Any suitable means may be provided for the purpose of deriving the two-phase output from single-phase source and for compensating for the variation in potential in the phase B output of the network as the frequency of the source 5 is varied, whereby a balanced equalized two-phase voltage is provided between the leads 2| and 24 with respect to the lead I8. Furthermore, in the present example, the voltage between the lead 24 and the lead I8 may be taken as lagging, by approximately the voltage between the lead 2I and the lead I8.

The two-phase output leads are directly connected to the three-phase or phase mixer network 25 which immediately follows the twophase network. The phase mixer network has three-phase voltage output terminals 25, 21, and 28, arranged in symmetrical relation in a Y-connection with respect to a terminal 29 which is afname 5. connected vwith the ground lead I8'. Theterminals are arranged in the drawingto yindicate the Yl-,connected output for the phase mixer network 25, but in practice may be otherwise arranged, as is readily understood.

In the Vphase mixer or three-phase network, the lead 2| from phase A of the two-phase network, extends through directly to the threephase terminal 26. The terminal 28 is coupled to the output lcircuits of Vtwo amplifier tubes 32 and 33 having input coupling with phase A and phase B voltage output leads 2| and 24 respectively, while the terminal 21 is coupled with the output circuits of a pair of amplifier tubes 34 and 35 in turn having .input coupling with phase A and phase B voltage output leads 2| and 24 respectively. In otherwords, 'the three-phase network has a two-phase input `circuit and a three-phase `output circuit.

.A'portion of the phase A signal or'excitation voltage between the lead 2| Vand the lead I8 is applied to the control grids 31 and 38 respectively of the amplifier tubes`34 and 32 through voltage divider means comprising an adjustable tap connection or contact 40 on a potentiometer resistor 4| coupled to the lead 2| through a coupling capacitor 42. The voltage-divider-potentiometer circuit is completed through an isolation resistor 43 to a tap connection 44 between two series cathode coupling resistors 45 and. 46 of the tube 34, which are connected between the cathode 48 `and a cathode connection 49 with the ground lead I8. A by-pass capacitor 41 for the isolation resistor and cathode resistor 45, is provided as a low impedance signal connection to ground for the current derived through the potentiometer resistor 4|.

The grid 31 is connected directly with the contact 40, while the grid 38 is connected therewith through a lead 50 and a coupling capacitor 5|. The grid return for the grid 31 is through the potentiometer resistor 4| and the isolation resistor 43 to the self-bias resistor element 45. The grid 38 is connected through a grid resistor 52 with a tap 53 between two cathode coupling resistors 54 and 55 in the cathode lead of the tube 32 between the cathode 56 and a connection 51 with the ground lead I8. In this manner the grids 31 and 38 are biased by reason of the potential drop across the resistor sections or elements 45 and 54 of the cathode coupling system. The resistors 48 and 55 provide additional impedance in series with resistors 45 and 54 respectively for substantially equal cathode coupling impedance in both cathode leads. However, only the cathode coupling provided by resistors 45 and 46 is utilized for the output coupling to be described.

`In phase B a similar voltage divider input connection is provided for tubes 33 and 35, comprising a potentiometer resistor 60 coupled to the phase B excitation signal supply lead 24 through a coupling capacitor 6 I and havingv an adjustable output tap connection` or contact 52. The latter isV connected directly-with the control grid S3 of the tube 35 and coupled to the control grid 54 of thetube 33 through a coupling capacitor 65 and a connection lead 66. The grid return for the grid 64 is provided through a grid resistor B8 connected to a tap point B9 between two cathode coupling resistors and 1| in series between the cathode 12 and a cathode connection 51 with thek ground lead I8. Likewise, the grid return to cathode for the tube 35 is provided by an isolating resistor 13 `connected between the po- 6. tentiometer resistor-.60 andra tap .point .'15 b'e.- tween two cathode :coupling resistors Trand 11 whichare inseries between wthe cathode '.18 and a cathode "ground lead connection 49. A lsignal or excitation current .by-pass path from vthe potentiometer 68 `to :the ground lead vI8 Vis'provided through a by-pass capacitor 14.

With this arrangement, the tubes 33fand 35 are biased by reason of the potential drop `across the cathode resistors 1| and 11 respectively. v.The resistors 18 and 16 respectively add impedance to the resistors 1I rand 11 for Aoutput cathode coupling purposes, as will hereinafter .be described.

It will be noted that the anodes 800i the first or directly coupled amplier'tubes 34 and.35 in each branch or phase are directly connectedtoa positive anode Ypotential supply`1ead'8l tovvhich isalso connected in like manner, theianode 82 of the tube 33. The anode 840i the'tube`32, however, is connected to the positive lsupply lead 3| through an cutput'ccupling resistor 85Vand `a lead 86, for anode output coupling purposes.

The three-phase terminal 21 is connected through a lead 88 -and coupling capacitors 89 vand Si) respectively with the cathodes 48 and 18 of the first amp-lier tubes 34 and 35, being thereby coupled to both tubes and both phases of theinput circuit by cathode coupling resistors. The threephase output termin-al 28 is likewise connected through a lead 9| and coupling capacitors 92 and 53 respectively with the anode 84 of the tube 32 and the cathode 12 o1" thetube 33.

The terminal 26 is directly connected ywith the output or excitation voltage supplyv lead 2| of phase A from thep-hase shift network, and receives the voltage output therefrom in full. The terminal 21 is cathode coupled to both an amplifier tube 34 connected with excitation volt-age supply lead 2| of phase A and an amplifier tube 35 connected with the excitation voltage supply lead 24 of phase B, the connections in both cases being through voltage divider or gain control means for deriving from phases A an-d B of the phase shift network a predetermined portion of the excitation voltage thereon for the terminal 21.

For three-phase operation, the voltage divider means 45-4I is adjusted yto app-ly to the grid 31 of the rst amplifier 34, substantially 50% of the excitation voltage of the phase A output of the phase shift ynetwork or of the two-phase input circuit of the phase mixernetwork, as provided between the lead 2| and the lead I3. Likewise, the gain control means Sil- 82 is adjusted to apply to the grid 83 of the first amplier 35, substantially 86.6% of the excitation voltage of phase B output of the phase shift network or of the two-phase input circuit of the phase mixer'network as provided between the leads 24 and I8. Due to the cathode coupling, the output voltage vderived from the ampliers 34 and 35 and applied to the three phase terminal 21 comprises an inphase mixing of 50% of the phase A voltage and 86.6% of the phase B voltage.

By reason ofthe coupling of the grid 38 of the amplifier tube 32 with the contact 40, 50% of the phase A voltage is likewise applied tothe second phase amplifier 32. This is coupled, through the output impedance and the coupling capacitor 92, with the terminal 28 so that substantially 50% ci the phase A voltage inverted, is applied to the terminal 28, whereas 86.6 %v of the phase B voltage is likewise appliedto the terminal'28 without inversion. This is for the reason that the terminal 28 is coupled to thecathode 12 ofthe second phase B amplifier 33, the control grid 64 of which is coupled with the voltage divider in phase yB at the terminal 62. The terminal 28 is therefore cathode-coupled to the amplifier tube 33 in the phase B circuit and anode coupled to the amplifier tube 32 in phase A circuit of the three-phase or mixer network, whereas the terminal 21 is cathode coupled to an amplifier tube in each of the phase A and B circuits of the three-phase or mixer network.

As indicated by the legend in the drawing below circuit diagram, the phase X voltage is directly equal to the phase A voltage; the phase Y voltage is equal to 50 of the phase A voltage plus 86.6% of the phase B voltage, and the phase Z voltage is equal to 50% of the phase A voltage inverted, plugs 86.6% of the phase B voltage.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that, in accordance with the invention, the high frequency control means or excitation source provid-es single-phase signal or excitation voltage output and is directly coupled with a phase shift network to produce therefrom a two phase voltage, that is, two voltages 90 degrees out-ofphase with respect to each other. The lagging phase connection following the phase shift, may be provided with suitable voltage equalizer means for equalizing the voltages for all v-ariations in frequency of the frequency control means. The balanced and equalized two-phase voltages are then applied to a multi-stage amplifier comprising four triodes so connected as to provide a phase mixer network having a twophase input circuit and a three-phase output circuit or termination. This provides that 50% of the voltage of one phase (phase A) is electronically added to 86.6% of the voltage of the other phase (ph-ase B), and separately 50% of the inverse of the voltage of phase A is added to 86.6% of the voltage of phase B. These two sums provide two of the voltage terminations of the three-phase output for the network of which phase A, directly connected, is the third voltage termination. This arrangement, therefore, provides a series of three-phase voltages for thyratron control particularly adapted for use in connection with thyratron inverters for variable speed three-phase motor operation, as will hereinafter appear.

Further in accordance -with the invention, the output voltages between each of the terminals 26, 21, and 28 with respect to the ground and the ground terminal 29, being the output voltages of phases X, Y and Z respectively, are phaseinverted or changed from single voltages to pushpull voltages for application to corresponding pairs of wave-shaper amplifier tubes 96-91, 93-99 and |00--|0|. The phase inversion is accomplished by means of push-pull coupling transformers |02, |03, and |014, having single-ended primary windings |05, |06, and |01 respectively, coupled respectively to terminals 26, 21 and 28 through leads |08, |09 and ||0 respectively. The remaining terminal of each transformer primary is connected to a continuation of the .ground lead I8 through connection with terminal 29.

With this coupling circuit, the output voltage from phase X is applied across the primary winding |05, the output voltage of phase Y is applied across the primary winding |06 and the output voltage of phase Z is applied across the primary winding |61. The secondary windings ||5, H6, and ||1 are center tapped and are connected with the control grids of the amplifier tubes 96-91, 98-99 and |00|0| respectively to provide push-pull operation thereof in pairs as indicated. The wave shaper amplifiers 96-|0| are connected through the secondary windings and the center taps |20 with a negative bias potential supply lead I 2| which provides a suitable negative biasing potential with respect to the ground lead I8, for operating the tubes beyond anode current cut-off, whereby they are responsive only to the peaks of the input voltage waves and transform the sine wave output delivered by the high frequency exciter voltage source 5 through the phase shift and phase .mixer networks, into spaced pulses in push-pull relation in each of the three phases. For this purpose the cathode connections |23, |24, and |25 for the three pairs of amplifier tubes are connected with the ground lead and thus to the positive side of the bias potential supply.

The input voltage wave on the wave-Shaper amplifiers 96|0| is represented graphically by the sine wave curve |21 while the output peaked voltage or pulse wave is similarly represented by the curve |28, both being drawn in connection with the respective input and output circuits of the amplifier stage |00-|0|, and are similar for all three channels. Each of the output circuits |29, |30, and |3| for the Wave-Shaper amplifiers .S6-91, 98-99 and IUD-IDI respectively is coupled in push-pull or full-Wave relation, through impedance coupling means comprising coupling inductors |33 and coupling capacitors |34 as indicated, with full-wave thyratron inverters |38, |39 and |40 respectively, and apply thereto the excitation voltage pulses for effecting full-wave operation to produce an alternating current output corresponding in frequency to the frequency of the excitation source.

The thyratron inverters are preferably of a form hereinafter described, as a source of high frequency alternating current power for motor operation. However, the present inverter system is effective for this purpose. In the inverter stages, the thyratrons |38|40 are provided with power output transformers |42, |43, and |44 respectively having secondary windings |45, |46, and |41, delta-connected with the terminals |48 of a three-phase induction motor |50 having three-phase operating windings |5| and a rotor |52, the latter being connected as indicated by the line |53, to operate a high speed tool |54.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that in the presently considered system, in accordance with the invention, separate full-wave thyratron inverters are provided for each phase of ya three-phase system for producing alternating current power, and are coupled through suitable transformer means, as by deltaor Y-connection, with the load or utilization means for the power output which, in a high frequency system as shown, may preferably be a high speed squirrel cage induction motor for high speed grinding and woodworking operations with direct drive for the tool. Each of the inverters is individually driven or excited through a pulse-y forming or wave shaper amplifier means from substantially a sine-wave source, an individual push-pull or balanced wave-Shaper electronic amplifier being provided for each pair of thyratrons in the inverter system.

Phase inversion from single ended to push-pull operation in connection with the wave-Shaper or pulse forming means may be effected through any suitable phase inversion means which does not introduce any appreciable phase shift. Push-pull or balanced coupling transformers, having single primaries for connection individually with the three-phase terminal means have been found to be suitable. The phase mixer network must precede the wave-Shaper or pulse forming means and follow the phase shift network for convertingsingle-phase excitation voltage into a balanced and equalized two-phase voltage.

The source of excitation voltage operates at a relatively high frequency, and for industrial motorr control of the type referred to, may provide frequencies of the order of from 50G-i700 cycles and higher, and the excitation voltage produced may be maintained atany fixed frequency or may be Variable as desired. In any case, the phase shift network for producing the two-phase voltage therefrom is preferably such that the sinewaveiform of the outputvoltageis maintained.

TheV phase-mixer' network may be considered to comprise two electronic amplifier tubes having input grid circuits coupled in parallel with onek of thek two phases provided by the phase shift network and having two additional electronic amplier tubes provided with input grid coupling a'ls'o in parallel with the other of the two phases provided bythe phase shift network. This network is further providedwith one output circuit or connection cathode-coupledto one each of the first and second parallel connected tubes, a second out-put circuit or connection cathode-coupled tovthe' other of the second pair of parallel connected tubes and anode coupled to the other tube of the first pair of parallel connected tubes, while the third output connection is provided directly with the one phase of the phase shift network, thereby providing s', balanced three-phase output circuit in connection with the high frequency w exciter voltage source. The three-phase excitation voltage output provides the individual input means for the separate three-phase thyratron inverter channels and power output circuits therefor.

It will be noted that in a preferred form of the invention, the range control knob 6 of the high frequency exciter voltage source is coupled, as indicated by the dotted connection |60, with each of the thyratron inverters |38|40 for control of the output thereto in accordance with changes in the frequency range of operation, corresponding to desired speed range changes for the motor |50, as will be described hereinafter with reference to Figure 2.

The operation of the system shown is as follows: The two-phase network source, comprised of capacitor I2 and resistor I I in one branch and resistor |5'and capacitor i4 in the other branch passes current in each branch which is in phase with the current in the other'branch, since the resistors are equal and the capacitors are equal, or; alternatively the ratio of the capacitive reactance to resistance in one branch is equal to the ratio of capacitive reactance to resistance in the other branch. Instead of capacitors, inductors may be used in a similar manner, with additional precautions against unwanted magnetic coupling to other circuit elements.

Thel phase of the voltage across capacitor I 2 is consequently 90 behind the phase of the voltage across resistor I5, due to the in-phase currents in the two circuit branches. This is true regardless of frequency or the proportion of resistance and capacitive reactance used, so long as the two branches of the phase-dividing network are assembled with the basic relationships described above.

If the resistance isrelatively large in proportion. to the capacitivereactance' in each branch for all frequencies used, then the voltage across resistor l5 is large and relatively constant and nearly in phase with the exciter source voltage, while the voltage across capacitance I2 lags the exciter source voltage and is small and varies inversely with frequency, approximately. This small variable voltage is amplified by the voltage equalizer amplier 23 to the same relatively constant value as the voltage across resistor I5, by suitable automatic gain-control arrangement described in the first co-pending application referred to, although the phases remain apart for all frequencies of operation. These voltages, phase Aand phase B, must remain in sine-wave form and of constant amplitude, for suitable application to the electronic mixing systeml which follows, for the generation of three-phase signal voltages. I

Theraddition of sine waves separated by 90 in phase produces a sine wave which is intermediate-in phase between the phases of the two components, the phase of the resultant wave depending on the relative amplitudes of the components. By adding sine voltages from a twophase. system in the electronic mixer shown, whereby said voltages are so proportioned and adjusted that the relative amplitudes and phases are correct, a three-phase voltage may be derived, and the tube circuits prevent intercoupling between the several phases and between the twophase and three-phase components. This results from the fact that as the two-phase source is appreciably high in impedance values, and responsive to loading, the mixing of the several voltages from the two phases is isolated or electrically apart from the voltage source, by reason of the application of these several voltages to independent control grids. This system is adjusted by applying an electronic A. C. voltmeter to common output connection 29 and terminals 2S, 21 and 28 in turn, as adjustments progress. The voltage of phase X at terminal 26 is established initially by the exciter voltage source adjustment and the circuit design. The voltage at terminal 21 is then adjusted for 50% of the Voltage ofk terminal 26,r with circuit connection 24x temporarily removed; using potentiometer dil-41|. Then the voltage of terminal 21 is adjusted to equal the voltage at the terminal 26 with circuit connection 24- restored, using potentiometer Ell- 62.

The voltage at the terminal 28 is automatically established by the'proper design of the circuits associatedwith ampliers 32 and 33 to provide thesamevoltage gain ratio asampliers 34 and respectively. l

Referring now to 15'igure'-2 in which like reference characters are applied to like circuit ele` ments as in Figurefl, the three-phase terminals 26, 21 and 28 are the same, as in the circuit of Figure 1, being the output terminals of the phase mixer or three-phase network, and are connected thereby with the high frequency exciter voltage source in the same manner as in Figure l to receive three-phase, equalized voltages. l

In the present example, phase inversion in separate channels for each of the three-phase voltages, is accomplished through the medium of three phase-inverter tubes |10, I1I and |12 for phases X, Y and Z respectively. The control grids |13 of the phase inverter tubes are coupled through suitable grid coupling capacitors |14, with the respectiveY-connected output leads |08, |09 and Hllvfrom the terminals 26, 21 and 28. The tubes H05-|12 are self-biased and are further provided with additional cathode coupling resistor means |15, |16 and |11 respectively, through which the tubes are connected with the ground lead and with the common output terminal 29 of the phase mixer network. The output anode circuits of the phase inverter tubes ||1||12 are provided with output coupling resistors |80, |8| and |82 respectively, connected with a common anode voltage supply lead |83.

With this arrangement, the voltage output from each of the three phases is inverted to provide corresponding push-pull or balanced voltages for driving the wave-Shaper amplifiers 96|0| in full-Wave relation as in the preceding embodiment of the invention. The coupling means provided between the phase inverters and the wave shaper ampliers comprises coupling capacitors |85 and grid resistors |86 providing coupling with the anode impedances or resistors |80|82 and the cathode coupling impedances or resistors ||11, whereby each of the three wave shaper amplifiers are operated in pushpull or full-wave relation for each phase and in separate amplifying channels.

The negative biasing potential necessary for biasing the wave shaper amplifiers 98-|0| beyond anode current cut-oil is provided by a nega* tive bias potential supply lead |81 connected with the junction of each pair of grid resistors |86 in each phase of the wave shaper amplifier. The anodes of all of the wave shaper ampliers are connected directly to an anode voltage supply lead |90 which is connected with the positive anode voltage supply lead |83, while the output coupling impedances for the wave shaper ampliilers are included in the cathode circuits. whereby positive output pulses are derived while the negative pulses are suppressed, thereby providing more effective ring or excitation of the thyratrons in the inverters |38, |39 and |40.

For this purpose the amplifiers 96 and 91 are provided with cathode coupling resistors I 9| and |92 respectively, across which the cathodes are directly coupled with the control grids |93 and |94 of the thyraton tubes |95 and |96 in the inverter |38, the connection including series current limiting resistors |91 and |98. With this arrangement, the balanced input grid circuit |99 for the thyratron inverter |38 includes the cathode resistors |9| and |92, and receives biasing potential through a center tap connection 280 between the resistors I9| and |92, with negative bias potential supply lead The cathodes 2|0 of the three pairs of thyratrons in the three inverter stages are connected in parallelwith nlament supply leads 2| l, one of which is provided with a connection 2| 2 with the ground lead which will be notedy as being a continuation of the cathode return connection for all circuits oi the system.

The remaining pairs of wave Shaper ampliers 98-99 and |00|0| for the two remaining phases or control channels, are coupled with the corresponding thyratron inverters |39 and |40 respectively, through similar grid input circuits 2|5 and 2| 6 which will readily be understood from the foregoing description of the connections for the inverter |38. The input grid circuit 12 sisters 230 for the tubes |00|0| and the control grids 23| and 232 for the thyratron tubes 233 and 234, series grid current limiting resistors 236 being included serially in the circuit 2|6 in connection with each grid as in the inverters above described.

This coupling system is at present preferred and is described more in detail in the co-pending application for thyratron power inverters initially referred to, and accordingly needs no further description. This system is shown herein as being best adapted for coupling each of the single-phase amplifier channels or phases of the three-phase system with each of the three balanced or parallel thyratron power inverters, whereby improved operation may be obtained, although any other suitable coupling may be provided for effectively applying the excitation or triggering potentials to the thyratrons in each phase so that they are alternately red and quenched and the inverters are operated in threephase relation.

Any suitable output coupling system may be provided which is effective to operate the thyratrons in each stage or phase alternately for causing alternating current to flow through the primary windings 250, 25| and 252 of each of the output transformers |42, |43 and |44 respectively for the inverters |38, |39 and |40, as previously described in connection with the circuit oi Figure l.

The transformer primaries are each provided with center taps 255 connected, through individual choke coils 256 for each inverter, with a positive direct current supply lead 260 through which operating current is supplied to the thyratrons. Each choke coil is preferably of the aircore type provided with a shunt connected peak voltage limiting resistor 262.

The terminals of each of the primaries of the output transformers H12-|44 are connected through anode circuit leads 265 and 266 in each inverter, with the respective anodes in balanced relation. Intermediate controlling networks 268-210 are included in each balanced anode circuit of the several inverters. Each controlling network includes two series resistor arms 215 and 216 in the anode leads 265 and 266 respectively, with shunt capacitive 'arms 211 symmetrically connected across the circuits 265-266 between the arms 215 and 216, in each inverter. The arms 211 include selector switches 218 for selectively connecting one of a series of capacitors 280 in the shunt arms 211 for controlling the fre-V quency response characteristics or operation of' the several inverters at various operating frequenices. For this purpose the switches 218 `are connected for operation through means indicated by the dotted line connection |60, with the frequency band change or range control device 6 of the high frequency exciter voltage source 5 forming part of the present system, Ias shown in Figure 1. By this means the thyratron inverters are each individually adjustable for the same frequency the; voltage: output.' from; each?.inverterfstage-` is.- adjustable between'ftwc values; as determined bythe'v itaps '286.- in` relationi-to the end connections- 28.11. The-.voltage change switchesiZB-S are-con nectedi for' operation inv unison'- through. a. me`r chanicalconnection; 288 f indicated by the dotted` line,l andv this isin turn connected-with the-con;- tr'olling connection |60 for the t-apswitches 218- in .theoutputv anode circuits of ther-inverters;

With this arrangement; the outpu-tvoltage-onthe motorlo'ad |50 isset at 'iirstalower valuefas providedv by the position of' the-tap` switches 285 indicatedxin thev drawing, and. movesnext to the higher voltage connection as. the tap' switchesare3adjusted: in conformance;withV the-frequencyband change;- -and again lowered' upon'v the:- next step 4whema :change in ,size` of vmotor-isrrrxades cori responding to-a. new" speedgra-nge.. In general thevoltage; output. is-` maintained: bythis" arrange-- ment; Whenzthe frequency is changed, andas' the system-is loperative with any suitable-compensatiinggmeans for-this p urpose1, further description-isj notbelieved to be' necessary: However; the three-- phase: system' of: thepresent. invention preferably includesA suitable means` for' the control-l of the` thyratronsY and-of the-output voltage-in' accord-.- ance with changes 'inv the lfrequencyfcorresponding `to-a desired speed for the motor load, and. the system shown? herein is.-r presently,l preferred for this purpose.

From the foregoing descriptionv it-w-ill be-.seen thathigh frequency power-may be provided forthe three-phase operation: of industrial motors and the like through themedium of thyratron inverters, -andythat the power supply frequency may be -arrangedfor adjustment or variation .as in thesingle-phase-and twoephase systems hereinbefore referre'dto,r without introducingl undesired operatingcharacteristics;

By providing a. single-phasev vari-able fre--` quency source as the.A controlling` medium andv following this source with -a two-phaser network from which equalized two-phaseI voltages are ob-v tained for. excitation of the-thyratron-means; thev transition to three-phase control potentials is mader independent ofv frequency through the medium of -a phase-mixer'` network comprising Wholly electronic means andV resistance-capacitance coupling.

Furthermore the three-phaseoutput terminals of lthe. phase-mixer network arefY- connected to suitable phase inverter means forjderivingthree/ separate-channel pushfpull voltages correspond ing to each of the threev phases.. The-.phase in versionmay beaccomplished' also by. electronicv tube means .and being'i at present preferredrby reason of; the? lack: of any frequency. character-- istic in the coupling provided in advance of the wave-shaping or pulse-forming circuits.. j

With the single-phase excitation voltage suc.- cessively converted to two-phase and then to three-phase potenti-als and finally to three-chanenel or three-phase-pushfpull voltages, the excita, tion may.` then be readily applied to three separate-full-Wave or parallel connected thyrat-ron inverters-,- one-:inverter for each separate channel or phase. Aspointed mathe-coupling between the thyratroninverters andv the-phasefinverters in each channel oil.the:.three-phaseV excitation system' preferably may include.- wave-Shaper ampliiiersfor imparting tothe normalsineewave-r output from the excitation' source;-.'a pulseewave which is of the same frequency in'- each phase and ofl au positive polarity for more-:- effectively trigegering or exciting thettiyratronxinyerters;

They thyra-tron inverters4 may be operated; inl anyxsuitablesmanner; and preferably-as described.r

inthe.4 thyratron power inverter application initivally referred to herein, wherebythe thyratron inverter outputcircuits are effectively controlled for power generation and adjusted for operationin'accord-ance withadjustmentsin the frequency of the excitation source;

` Thefmotor loadmay ybe connected to the-thyratronl invertersl through suitable output changing'means` as pointed out'whereby, as the fre-- quencyof thesource is increased, the voltage.

approximatelyI the sameV level, thereby requiring`t an. .increase` in .th-e.l secondary winding turns. tu

proyidei--theincreased voltage required by the i motor.; This; arrangement inthe present exampleprovides for-...two diierentvoltages for eachof two.

diflerentsmotors; in. practica one motor. being used-rior,lower's'peedsl the other for higher speeds? The higher speed motor. is designed for one-half." thefoperatingvoltage in proportion to frequencyy .as-compared with the lower speed motor, as the operating voltage would otherwise beexcessive. at. high .frequencies- Itis-essential. that the Wave-Shaper means such as-.the Wave-shaper amplifiers.ineach:of the three.

channelsorphasesl of the control. system, im.- mediately precede. the thyratron inverter stages and: followthe three-phase or-phase.-mixer network, as the phase-mixer is only effective, for voltagesv of sinewave form at theoperatingfrequency. Furthermore, the three-phase.. mixer network combines the two-phase voltages from the-phase-shift networkin such a manner that neither-.of the, two phase. voltages. are reflected. baclcto. theother phasethereby providing an.

excitationsystem, which may havea. widerfre.-

quency response, covering. the. entire range. of"

operation of` the variable frequency control means;

Thereforethe.- present. system is. effective to.

provide three-phase. power at frequencies above 500 cycles per second and extending smoothly through frequencies ofv 1700 cycles and higher, thereby t0 provide operating speeds for industrial motors of rfrom 3000v to. above 100,000 revolutionsperA minute. The result isa three-phase power output which is-balancedat allfrequencies of operation and is substantially independent of frequency -sothat .the motory load is supplied with adequate -fpower at allfrequencies.

Thus. a thyratronv inverter for variable speed three-phase motor operation. may be attained through the` use of` areadily controllable singleageoutput,v a. phasefshift network coupled to` saicL` voltagecsource for deriving therefrom a-; cor- -`respondi1ig :twoL-'phase voltageoutput; a phasesmixer network coupled to said phase-shift network having a two-phase input circuit and threephase output terminals for converting said twophase voltage output into three-phase excitation voltages at said terminals, said phase-mixer network including electronic tube amplifier means coupling two of said output terminals each with both sides of said two-phase input circuit `for effecting addition of the input circuit voltages in predetermined phase relation at said output terminals, means providing a separate amplifier channel coupled to each of said terminals, a full- Wave electronic tube inverter coupled to the output of each of said amplifier channels for receiving amplified excitation voltages therefrom in three-phase relation, a three-phase output circuit coupled to said inverters for supplying .power to a three-phase motor load, and voltage' divider means in each side of said two-phase input circuit for proportioning the input circuit voltages applied to said amplier means.

2. A high frequency power supply system as dened in claim 1, wherein the excitation voltagev source and the frequency response of the inverters are jointly adjustable in predetermined relation for effecting frequency variation of the inverter power output.

3. A high frequency power supply system comprising in combination, a high frequency thyratron excitation voltage source having a singlephase voltage output, a phase-shift network coupled to said voltage source for deriving therefrom a corresponding two-phase voltage output, means for equalizing said two-phase voltage output whereby two substantially equal thyratron excitation voltages are provided in two-phase relation, a phase-mixer network coupled to said phase-shift network including impedance-coupled electronic-tube amplifier means having a two-phase input circuit and three-phase output terminals for converting said two-phase voltages into three-phase excitation voltages at said terminals, means providing a separate electronic-tube impedance-coupled amplifier channel having separate input circuits coupled each to one of said terminals, a full-wave thyratrontype electronic-tube inverter coupled to the output of each of said amplifier channels for receiving amplified excitation voltages therefrom in three-phase relation, and a three-phase output circuit coupled to said full-wave inverters for supplying power to a three-phase motor load.

4. A high frequency power supply system comprising in combination, a high frequency thyratron excitation voltage source having a singlephase voltage output, a phase-shift network coupled to said voltage source for deriving therefrom a corresponding two-phase voltage output,

means for equalizing said two-phase voltage output whereby two substantially equal thyratron excitation voltages are provided in two-phase relation, a phase-mixer network coupled to said phase-shift network and including impedancecoupled electronic 'tub-e ampliner means having a two-phase input circuit and three-phase output terminals for converting said two-phase voltages ment of the excitation voltages at the three-phase terminals, balanced electronic-tube amplifier means in each of the separate channels for imparting a pulse shape to the push-pull threephase voltages, a full-wave thyratron inverter coupled to the output of each of said amplifier channels for receiving amplified excitation voltages therefrom, and a three-phase output circuit coupled to said thyratron inverters for supplying power to a three-phase motor load.

5. A three-phase high frequency power supply system comprising in combination, means provid- 4ing a single-phase excitation voltage source, phase-shift means for deriving balanced twophase output voltages therefrom, a phase-mixer network coupled to said phase-shift network having terminal means providing a three-phase output, said phase-mixer network including impedance-coupled electronic-tube amplifier circuits and 'being responsive to the frequency of the excitation voltage source to provide three-phase output voltages corresponding thereto in frequency, a full-wave thyratron inverter coupled to each Aof the output terminals of said phase mixer network, said coupling including waveshaper Velectronic-tube amplifier circuits for applying pulsed grid excitation to said inverters, a balanced power output transformer for each of said inverters having a secondary winding, and a power output circuit connecting said secondary windings in three-phase relation.

6. A power supply system as dened in claim 5. wherein the phase mixer network includes one pair of electronic amplifier tubes coupled to the phase-shift means to derive substantially 50% of one two-phase output voltage therefrom and a second pair of electronic' amplifier tubes coupled to the phase-shift means for deriving substantially 86.6% of the other of the two-phase output voltages therefrom, and wherein one output terminal of the phase-mixer network is coupled directly to one phase of the phase-shift means to receive one of the two-phase output voltages therefrom, and the remaining terminals are each impedance coupled to one amplifier tube-in each pair to receive therefrom the derived components of the two-phase output voltages in predetermined phase relation for vectorial addition in three-phase relation at said terminals.

7. A power supply system as defined in claim 6, wherein one of said remaining three-phase terminals is anode-coupled to one of the first pair of amplifier tub-es and cathode-coupled to one of the second pair of amplifier tubes, and the other of said remaining terminals is cathode-coupledl to the remaining two amplifier tubes in the phase mixer network, and wherein individual voltage divider means are provided in the said electronic responsive to the frequency of the excitation voltage source to provide three-phase output voltages corresponding thereto in frequency, a full wave thyratron inverter coupled to each of the output terminals of said phase mixer network and including a `pair of push-pull connected thyraltron inverter tubes, saidcoupling including Waveshaper ampliiiers for applying pulsed grid excitation to said inverters, a balanced power output transformer for each of Said inverters having a secondary winding, a power output circuit connecting said secondary windings in three-phase relation, and means for jointly controlling the frequency of said excitation voltage source and the frequency response characteristic of said inverters, said last named means including an adjustable anode circuit control network interposed between each inverter and the output transformer therefor.

9. A high frequency power supply system comprising in combination, a high frequency excitation voltage source having a single-phase substantially sine-wave voltage output, a phaseshift network coupled to said voltage source for deriving therefrom a corresponding two-phase voltage output, an lelectronic-tube impedancecoupled phase-mixer network coupled to said phase-shift network and having a two-phase input circuit and three-phase output terminals for converting said two-phase voltage output into three-phase excitation voltages at said terminals, said phase-mixer network comprising a first pair of electronic amplifier tubes having input grid circuits connected effectively in parallel with one phase of said two-phase input circuit, and a second pair of electronic amplier tubes pro-vided with input grid circuits connected effectively in parallel with the other phase of said two-phase input circuit, an output circuit connection for one of said three-phase terminals cathode-coupled to one each of said first and second pairs of electronic amplifier tubes, a second output connection for a second one of said three-phase terminals cathode-coupled to the other of said rst pair of tubes and anode coupled to the other of said second pair of tubes, and a third output circuit connection for the third one of said three-phase terminals directly coupled to said` one phase of said twophase input circuit, thereby providing a balanced three-phase output circuit in connection with the high frequency excitation voltage source, voltage divider means in each side of said twophase input circuit for proportioning the input circuit voltages applied to said pairs of amplifier tubes, means providing a separate amplifier channel coupled to each of said terminals, a fullwave electronic tube inverter coupled to the output of each of said amplifier channels for receiving amplified excitation voltages therefrom in three-phase relation, and a three-phase output circuit coupled to said inverters for supplying power to a three-phase motor load.

10. A high frequency power supply system comprising in combination, a high frequency excitation voltage source having a single-phase voltage output, a phase-shift network coupled to said voltage source for -deriving therefrom corresponding two-phase voltages, a phase-mixer network coupled to said phase-shift network having a two-phase input circuit and three-phase output terminals for converting said two-phase voltages into three-phase excitation voltages at said terminals, said phase-mixer network being adapted to receive said two-phase voltages from the phase-shift network through said input circuit and including electronic tube circuits coupled and phased to add substantially 50% of one two-phase voltage vectorially to substantially 86.6% of the other two-phase voltage at one output terminal of the mixer network, and to add substantially 50% of the inverse of the one twophase voltage vectorially to substantially 86.6% of the other two-phase voltage at another output terminal of the mixer network, means providing a separate amplier channel coupled to each of the phase-mixer network terminals, a full-wave electronic-tube inverter coupled to the output of each of said amplifier channels for receiving amplified excitation voltages therefrom in threephase relation, and a three-phase output circuit coupled to said full-Wave inverters for supplying power to a three-phase motor load.

GALAN W. DEMUTH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,198,381 Hewitt Sept. 12, 1916 1,243,430 Lamme Oct. 16, 1917 1,843,521 Smith Feb. 2, 1932 2,053,426 Evans Sept. 8, 1936 2,250,961 Livingston July 29, 1941 

